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<P><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2><FONT face=arial,sans-serif>We look at environmental issues in context of public health and patient safety. I remember reading this article in 2008</FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2><FONT face=arial,sans-serif>http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/news/20081216/illicit-drugs-detected-in-wastewater about detecting methamphetamines and cocaine in city waters of 7 metro areas. </FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2><FONT face=arial,sans-serif>It really underscore the need to collect good data and to understand the drugs that are entering our water system. </FONT></FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2><FONT face=arial,sans-serif>The study was conducted by the folks at Oregon State University. Results were...</FONT></FONT></FONT></P><FONT size=2 face=Arial>
<UL>
<LI>Cocaine was found in all seven municipalities, although concentrations were much lower than methamphetamine concentrations. Concentrations were similar to those seen in previous studies, all in European cities.</LI>
<LI>Ecstasy (MDMA) was detected in five of the seven municipalities.</LI>
<LI>MDA (methylenedioxyamphetamine, a psychedelic amphetamine) was detected in three of the seven municipalities.</LI>
<LI>Ketamine, used both legally and illegally, was found in two municipalities.</LI>
<LI>PCP ("angel dust," phencyclidine) was found in only one municipality.</LI>
<LI>No LSD could be detected in any of the seven cities.</LI>
<LI>Hydrocodone, oxycodone, and methadone -- frequently prescribed and frequently abused narcotics -- were found in all seven cities.</LI></UL></FONT>
<P><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Dr. Daughton, is the assessment method used by the Oregon State U based on your earlier work? </FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT size=2 face=Arial>We also want to look at the rate of conc by population for direct comparsion. The researchers noted this challenge for a number of reasons. their suggestion of measuring conjugate creatinine is not a bad idea for a per-person crude estimate. Looking at the type of drugs, concentration and location over time would be useful in an environmental/public health surveillance. Interesting that LSD was not detected in the samples--all the Woodstock fans have grown up! </FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT size=2 face=Arial>We have been working with local emergency/disaster management officials on early warning systems of major infrastructure including water systems. We know that we monitor water quality for toxins and other bioterrorist agents along with every major cities, but we are not aware of the extent of the risk assessment involved or what else is being monitored--part of Homeland Security.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT size=2 face=Arial>What are your thoughts?</FONT></P>
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<P><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Matthew Mireles</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2><FONT face=arial,sans-serif></FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2><FONT face=arial,sans-serif></FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2><FONT face=arial,sans-serif> </P>
<P><BR></P></FONT></FONT></FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 0px">-----Original Message----- <BR>From: "Fredrick L. Miller" <MILLERFL@TRICITY.WSU.EDU><BR>Sent: May 9, 2011 6:39 PM <BR>To: pharmwaste <PHARMWASTE@LISTS.DEP.STATE.FL.US><BR>Subject: RE: [Pharmwaste] ecstasy in the water.. <BR><BR><?XML:NAMESPACE PREFIX = [default] http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40 NS = "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40" /><ZZZhtml xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40" xmlns:st="" xmlns:Z="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:" xmlns:spsl="http://microsoft.com/webservices/SharePointPortalServer/PublishedLinksService" xmlns:pptsl="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/SlideLibrary/" xmlns:ex12m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/messages" xmlns:ex12t="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/services/2006/types" xmlns:spwp="http://microsoft.com/sharepoint/webpartpages" xmlns:mrels="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns:mver="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:mdssi="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/digital-signature" xmlns:dssi="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2006/digsig" xmlns:dsss="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2006/digsig-setup" xmlns:wf="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/workflow/" xmlns:udcp2p="http://schemas.microsoft.com/data/udc/parttopart" xmlns:udcxf="http://schemas.microsoft.com/data/udc/xmlfile" xmlns:udcs="http://schemas.microsoft.com/data/udc/soap" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:sps="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/" xmlns:sp="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/" xmlns:ec="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" xmlns:sub="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/2002/1/alerts/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:udc="http://schemas.microsoft.com/data/udc" xmlns:dsp="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/dsp" xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" xmlns:dir="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/directory/" xmlns:ois="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/ois/" xmlns:ppda="http://www.passport.com/NameSpace.xsd" xmlns:x2="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/excel/2003/xml" xmlns:mt="http://schemas.microsoft.com/sharepoint/soap/meetings/" xmlns:Repl="http://schemas.microsoft.com/repl/" xmlns:D="DAV:" xmlns:rtc="http://microsoft.com/officenet/conferencing" xmlns:q="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:ZZZhtml="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40" xmlns:oa="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:activation" xmlns:odc="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:odc" xmlns:c="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:component:spreadsheet" xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet" xmlns:b="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:publisher" xmlns:z="#RowsetSchema" xmlns:rs="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:rowset" xmlns:s="uuid:BDC6E3F0-6DA3-11d1-A2A3-00AA00C14882" xmlns:dt="uuid:C2F41010-65B3-11d1-A29F-00AA00C14882" xmlns:a="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:access" xmlns:p="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:powerpoint" xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"><ZZZhead><ZZZmeta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"><ZZZmeta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">An interesting crude forensic examination used to be conducted on biosolids at military bases that ran their own treatment works. It seems every time an inspection of barracks by military police occurred a bumper crop of marihuana seedlings was observed sprouting in the drying solids at their plants a couple of weeks later. It gave commanders an idea of the level of marihuana utilization in the units inspected. Air Force BEEs used to hate having to deal with the brass poking around in their business (pun intended). As a military crime lab examiner, I used to HATE Air Force cases. They stunk! (no pun intended)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Fred Miller<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">USTUR<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Washington State University<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> pharmwaste-bounces@lists.dep.state.fl.us [mailto:pharmwaste-bounces@lists.dep.state.fl.us] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Matthew C. Mireles<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, May 09, 2011 3:23 PM<BR><B>To:</B> Stevan Gressitt; pharmwaste<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Pharmwaste] ecstasy in the water..<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
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<P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Very interesting finding with implications for surveillance. Does anyone know if DEA, ONDCP, EPA or US Geological Survey routinely monitors presence of this or similar substance in U.S. waters? There was a similar study in Great Britain with sampling of currency. Researchers detected traces of cocaine on all paper currency in the random sample. A few years ago, reports revealed that several U.S. cities were using water samples to monitor illegal drug trafficking and use.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Matthew Mireles<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">-----Original Message----- <BR>From: Stevan Gressitt <BR>Sent: May 5, 2011 8:24 AM <BR>To: pharmwaste <BR>Subject: [Pharmwaste] ecstasy in the water.. <BR><BR><A href="http://www.transcontinental.com.au/news/local/news/general/ecstasy-use-high-in-regions/2153914.aspx" target=_blank>http://www.transcontinental.com.au/news/local/news/general/ecstasy-use-high-in-regions/2153914.aspx</A><BR clear=all><BR>-- <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Stevan Gressitt, M.D.<BR>Faculty Associate, University of Maine Center on Aging<BR>Academic Member, Athens Institute for Education and Research<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Athens, Greece<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Founding Director, International Institute for Pharmaceutical Safety<BR>University of New England, College of Pharmacy<BR>Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences <BR>Associate Professor of Clinical Psychiatry<BR>University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine<BR>716 Stevens Avenue <BR>Portland, Maine 04103<BR><A href="mailto:gressitt@gmail.com" target=_blank>gressitt@gmail.com</A> <BR>Cell: 207-441-0291 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><A href="http://www.benzos.une.edu/" target=_blank>www.benzos.une.edu</A> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
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<P style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt" class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><A href="http://www.safemeddisposal.com/" target=_blank>www.safemeddisposal.com</A> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
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