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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoPlainText>Here below is some more information from a zebrafish study. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>The study below is not our work, but involves the work of Dr. MJ Barresi of Smith College. I received this from my colleague Dr. Theresa O'Keefe, Ph.D. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Theresa is currently performing some work with Dr. Barresi utilizing zebrafish, but unfortunately this work has not yet been published. Our focus is on determining the toxicity of post-patient cytotoxins related to out-patient Chemotherapy. We are focusing on this because we believe there are fewer than 25 of these cytotoxic materials which can have dramatic impacts at trace level exposures, far below the therapeutic dose. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>As I am sure many readers know, it is not unusual for Chemotherapy patients to receive several times these label dosages in a single infusion. In the US these out-patients return home to family and loved ones, usually with absolutely no awareness of the post-patient risks arising from these cytotoxic materials that they will excrete unaltered over 2 to 5 days. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Our goal is to augment the German and Swiss studies and determine at what trace levels these materials can have impacts on fast growing cells. (We know the official US exposure per NIOSH is zero, but we also can believe there are millions of second-hand exposures each year.) Our concerns are our children, pregnant women and fetuses. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Here is the study from Dr. Barresi: <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22462669" title="Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS."><span style='color:blue'>J Peripher Nerv Syst.</span></a> 2012 Mar;17(1):76-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2012.00371.x.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:24.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Vincristine and bortezomib cause axon outgrowth and behavioral defects in larval zebrafish.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Khan%20TM%22%5BAuthor%5D"><span style='color:blue'>Khan TM</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Benaich%20N%22%5BAuthor%5D"><span style='color:blue'>Benaich N</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Malone%20CF%22%5BAuthor%5D"><span style='color:blue'>Malone CF</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Bernardos%20RL%22%5BAuthor%5D"><span style='color:blue'>Bernardos RL</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Russell%20AR%22%5BAuthor%5D"><span style='color:blue'>Russell AR</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Downes%20GB%22%5BAuthor%5D"><span style='color:blue'>Downes GB</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Barresi%20MJ%22%5BAuthor%5D"><span style='color:blue'>Barresi MJ</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Hutson%20LD%22%5BAuthor%5D"><span style='color:blue'>Hutson LD</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Source<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA Department of Biology, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA Program in Neuroscience, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect of a number of pharmaceutical compounds, including several chemotherapy drugs. Among these are vincristine sulfate, a mitotic inhibitor used to treat a variety of leukemias, lymphomas, and other cancers, and bortezomib, a 26S proteasome inhibitor used primarily to treat relapsed multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. To gain insight into the mechanisms by which these compounds act, we tested their effects in zebrafish. Vincristine or bortezomib given during late embryonic development caused significant defects at both behavioral and cellular levels. Intriguingly, the effects of the two drugs appear to be distinct. Vincristine causes uncoordinated swimming behavior, which is coupled with a reduction in the density of sensory innervation and overall size of motor axon arbors. Bortezomib, in contrast, increases the duration and amplitude of muscle contractions associated with escape swimming, which is coupled with a preferential reduction in fine processes and branches of sensory and motor axons. These results demonstrate that zebrafish is a convenient in vivo assay system for screening potential pharmaceutical compounds for neurotoxic side effects, and they provide an important step toward understanding how vincristine and bortezomib cause peripheral neuropathy.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>© 2012 Peripheral Nerve Society.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>PMID:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:1.0in'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>22462669<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:1.0in'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>[PubMed - in process] <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>I hope the links are supported on this ListServe. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>I have been a member of several ListServe for years and understand newcomers can be disruptive. I hope this post is not a violation of any conventions or protocols. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Thank you! <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Best Regards! <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>John<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>-----Original Message-----<br>From: pharmwaste-bounces@lists.dep.state.fl.us [mailto:pharmwaste-bounces@lists.dep.state.fl.us] On Behalf Of Tenace, Laurie<br>Sent: Tuesday, April 24, 2012 10:18 AM<br>To: pharmwaste@lists.dep.state.fl.us<br>Subject: [Pharmwaste] Fish Glow Green After Genetic Engineering</p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/04/120423-fish-glowing-pollution-bpa-environment-science/"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/04/120423-fish-glowing-pollution-bpa-environment-science/</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>A genetically engineered fish that glows green from the inside out is helping illuminate what pollutants do inside the body.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Endocrine disruptors are substances found in a wide range of industrial products, including plastics, as well as in many female contraceptives.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>The chemicals mimic the actions of sexual hormones, resulting in various reproductive problems in both people and animals. Previous research has shown the chemicals cause fish to change gender, and in people, endocrine disruptors have been associated with lower sperm counts and breast and testicular cancers.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Yet scientists have had difficulty tracking what endocrine disruptors do inside a person or an animal's body. So a team genetically engineered zebrafish to glow in places where an endocrine-disrupting chemical is present-and thus show where it may be harming the body.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>"We've essentially put genetic elements within the fish, over time, that are specifically designed to identify where the chemicals penetrate and act within the body," said study leader Charles Tyler at the U.K.'s University of Exeter.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>"This genetic machinery produces proteins which don't interfere with the way these chemicals act in the body, but they fluoresce green under a fluorescent microscope, providing a reporting system to identify which body tissues are being affected.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>"This, in turn provides a more 'intelligent' way of identifying where the [pollutants'] potential health impacts might be" in people.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>(See "Glowing Animals: Beasts Shining for Science.")<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Glowing Fish Confirm Past Findings<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Tyler and team exposed the zebrafish to varying levels of chemicals known to affect the hormone estrogen, including ethinyloestradiol, found in contraceptive pills; nonylphenol, present in paints and industrial detergents; and bisphenol A (BPA), a component of many plastics.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>All of these substances have become common freshwater pollutants that are connected to problems such as gender changes in fish and decreased fertility and increased cases of cancer in people. (Related: "Sex-Changing Chemicals Found in Potomac River.")<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>The researchers exposed the fish to different endrocrine disruptors at varying concentrations, and then used a microscope to see which of the small fish's organs glowed-and thus responded-to the chemicals.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>The data should help identify the thresholds at which the chemicals affect various tissues and organs in the body.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>For instance, observing the glowing fish confirmed previous findings, such as a link between bisphenol A and heart problems.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>"We do see in this fish that the heart glows particularly in response to bisphenol A," Tyler said. "So we can target the heart and try to look at the mechanics of what is happening."<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>(Related: "Chemical BPA Linked to Heart Disease, Study Confirms.")<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Tyler and colleagues also watched the chemicals light up other parts of the fish's anatomy, including its eyes and skeletal muscles.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>"It's often been assumed that these chemicals impact the liver or testes or ovaries, but in these fish we've identified them in many different tissues, including parts of the brain," he said.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>For now, the fluorescent technology is limited to fish younger than six days old, because their skin has yet to develop pigmentation that would interfere with observing the fluorescence.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>"The next phase is breeding these fish with a strain that lacks pigment in the skin," which would allow the team to observe the fluorescent reactions in adult fish as well, Tyler said.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Laurie Tenace<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Environmental Specialist III<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Waste Reduction Section<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Florida Department of Environmental Protection<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>2600 Blair Stone Rd., MS 4555<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Tallahassee FL 32399-2400<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>P: 850.245.8759<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>F: 850.245.8811<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><a href="mailto:Laurie.Tenace@dep.state.fl.us"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Laurie.Tenace@dep.state.fl.us</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Mercury: <a href="http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categories/mercury/default.htm"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categories/mercury/default.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Batteries: <a href="http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categories/batteries/default.htm"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categories/batteries/default.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Pharmaceuticals: <a href="http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/pharm/"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/pharm/</span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Please take a few minutes to share your comments on the service you received from the department by clicking on this link Copy the url below to a web browser to complete the DEP survey: http://survey.dep.state.fl.us/?refemail=Laurie.Tenace@dep.state.fl.us<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>---<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>Note: As a courtesy to other listserv subscribers, please post messages to the listserv in plain text format to avoid the garbling of messages received by digest recipients.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>---<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>TO SUBSCRIBE, go to: <a href="http://lists.dep.state.fl.us/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/pharmwaste"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>http://lists.dep.state.fl.us/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/pharmwaste</span></a> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoPlainText>TO UNSUBSCRIBE, DO NOT REPLY TO THE LISTSERV. 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