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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>What the EU is ignoring is some drugs are human toxins and cause cancer and birth defects in humans. The most dangerous are drugs that are dose-independent and alter the cell DNA so when the cell splits it is different cell and splits again and again like a chemical germ. This could be a cancer or a birth defect in a fetus. Check out this article </span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><a href="http://www.ecori.org/front-page-journal/2012/11/19/chemo-drugs-pose-serious-public-health-risks.html">http://www.ecori.org/front-page-journal/2012/11/19/chemo-drugs-pose-serious-public-health-risks.html</a> or <a href="http://www.pharma-cycle.com">www.pharma-cycle.com</a> </span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> pharmwaste-bounces@lists.dep.state.fl.us [mailto:pharmwaste-bounces@lists.dep.state.fl.us] <b>On Behalf Of </b>DeBiasi, Deborah (DEQ)<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, November 26, 2012 9:45 AM<br><b>To:</b> 'pharmwaste@lists.dep.state.fl.us'<br><b>Subject:</b> [Pharmwaste] EU initiative to clean up waterways faces tough opposition.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#000099'><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/drug-pollution-law-all-washed-up-1.11854">http://www.nature.com/news/drug-pollution-law-all-washed-up-1.11854</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#000099'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><h2 style='margin-bottom:7.5pt;line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span class=journal-title2><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#A1AEB7;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:-.4pt'>Nature</span></span><span class=divider1><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#A1AEB7;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:-.4pt'> | </span></span><span class=type><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#A1AEB7;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:-.4pt'>News</span></span><o:p></o:p></h2><h1 style='margin-bottom:7.5pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:21.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;letter-spacing:-.4pt;font-weight:normal'>Drug-pollution law all washed up</span><o:p></o:p></h1><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:11.25pt;line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>EU initiative to clean up waterways faces tough opposition.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span class=vcard><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/drug-pollution-law-all-washed-up-1.11854#auth-1">Natasha Gilbert</a></span></span><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>21 November 2012</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.85pt;background:#ECECEC'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><img border=0 width=630 height=412 id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.jpg@01CDCBE2.EF3381B0" alt="http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.7528.1353425484!/image/1.11854_DEAD-FISH-GETTY-IMAGES-51148327.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_630/1.11854_DEAD-FISH-GETTY-IMAGES-51148327.jpg"></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.85pt;background:#ECECEC'><span lang=EN style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>European proposals to regulate pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms could already be dead in the water.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=credit3 style='background:#ECECEC'><span lang=EN style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ALESSANDRO ABBONIZIO/AFP/GETTY</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Europe is set to quash a precedent-setting initiative designed to tackle a disturbing side effect of common drugs — their impact on aquatic life. <i>Nature </i>has learned that landmark regulations intended to clean Europe’s waterways of pharmaceuticals are likely to be dead on arrival when they reach a key vote in the European Parliament next week.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>The proposal by the European Commission, which would limit the concentrations in water of a widely used contraceptive and an anti-inflammatory drug, have sparked intense lobbying by the water and pharmaceutical industries, which say that the science is uncertain and the costs too high. European Union (EU) member states, alarmed by cost estimates of tens of billions of euros, seem to agree. Researchers and environmentalists question those estimates, and argue that the proposal should be judged principally on what they say is strong scientific evidence, rather than on financial concerns.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Many of Europe’s rivers are home to male fish that are ‘intersex’ and so display female sexual characteristics, including female reproductive anatomy. Some males also produce vitellogenin, a protein normally found in eggs that can be induced in males by hormone exposure</span><sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/drug-pollution-law-all-washed-up-1.11854#b1" title="Jobling, S. et al. Environ. Health Perspect. 114, 32–39 (2006)." id=ref-link-1>1</a>, <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/drug-pollution-law-all-washed-up-1.11854#b2" title="Gross-Sorokin, M. Y., Roast, S. D. & Brighty, G. C. Environ. Health Perspect. 114, 147–151 (2006)." id=ref-link-2>2</a></span></sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>. In one of the largest studies of the problem, the UK government’s Environment Agency found in 2004 that 86% of male fish sampled at 51 sites around the country were intersex.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Toxicologists blame this feminization on endocrine-disrupting chemicals — particularly the active ingredient in the contraceptive pill, ethynyl oestradiol (EE2) — that dribble through municipal sewage effluents into the environment. The feminization affects fish health and lowers the sperm count in males, raising the risk of a population crash. “This is the most evidence we have on the impact of any chemical in the aquatic environment,” says Susan Jobling, an environmental toxicologist at Brunel University in London.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>With concerns growing over EE2 pollution, the European Commission proposed in January that the EU’s member states limit the drug’s annual average concentrations in surface waters to no more than 0.035 nanograms per litre (ng l</span><sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>−1</span></sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>). One study</span><sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/drug-pollution-law-all-washed-up-1.11854#b2" title="Gross-Sorokin, M. Y., Roast, S. D. & Brighty, G. C. Environ. Health Perspect. 114, 147–151 (2006)." id=ref-link-3>2</a></span></sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'> recorded adverse effects in species living in water containing 1 ng l</span><sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>−1</span></sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'> of EE2, for example, and predicted a ‘no effect’ level of 0.2 ng l</span><sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>−1</span></sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>. Environmental toxicologists typically extrapolate such evidence to estimate lower ‘safe’ limits that would cover a range of other species (see <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/drug-pollution-law-all-washed-up-1.11854#hormone">‘Raging hormones’</a>).</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>The commission has also proposed that lawmakers take action on diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug that disrupts cell function in the liver, kidneys and gills of fish</span><sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/drug-pollution-law-all-washed-up-1.11854#b3" title="Cuklev, F. et al. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 30, 2126–2134 (2011)." id=ref-link-4>3</a></span></sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>. Diclofenac is already notorious for having devastated vulture populations in Asia</span><sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/drug-pollution-law-all-washed-up-1.11854#b4" title="Oaks, J. L. et al. Nature 427, 630–633 (2004)." id=ref-link-5>4</a></span></sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>.</span><a name=hormone></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.85pt;background:#ECECEC'><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/wastewater-fish-effects-jpg-7.7539?article=1.11854"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#5E5E5E;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=200 height=273 id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image002.jpg@01CDCBE2.EF3381B0" alt="http://www.nature.com/polopoly_fs/7.7539.1353425371!/image/Wastewater_fish_effects.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_200/Wastewater_fish_effects.jpg"></span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.85pt;background:#ECECEC'><span lang=EN style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="javascript:;" title=Expand><span style='color:#5E5E5E;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>Expand</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>The EE2 standard would represent a severe cut in pollution levels. For example, a study led by environmental chemist Mike Gardner at Atkins, an environmental consultancy headquartered in Epsom, UK, tested effluents from 160 wastewater treatment plants. He found that almost all effluents exceeded the commission’s proposed standard for EE2, and that about half exceeded it by more than 13 times.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>On 28 November, members of the European Parliament’s environment committee will discuss and vote on the proposal. A rejection from the committee would almost certainly doom the proposal in the full parliamentary vote, scheduled for next year. On the basis of previous committee discussions of the topic, as well as policy documents seen by <i>Nature</i>, that outcome now looks highly likely. “There was no proper discussion about the environmental impacts of these chemicals in the committee; it just boils down to politics,” says Axel Singhofen, a German Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for The Greens who sits on the environment committee.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Upgrading the technology for wastewater treatment could eliminate most of the pollution. Researchers and policy experts suggest sharing the costs among all responsible parties, including the water and drug industries, and that some expense would be passed on to the public. Toxicologists and the water industry also advocate stricter controls on the authorization, use and disposal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals — for example, by educating people not to flush unwanted drugs down the drain, or by prescribing fewer of them. The drugs are widely used in livestock, so preventing animals from urinating close to rivers could further reduce the amount of drugs leaking into surface waters.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>The water and pharmaceutical industries both acknowledge that EE2 is present in rivers, and that it is responsible for intersex fish. But they also say that there is little evidence of harm, noting that Europe’s freshwater fish populations are not plummeting. <i>Nature </i>has seen a pharmaceutical industry position statement, distributed to member states, that calls existing scientific data on EE2’s environmental impacts “limited” and “inconclusive”. The European Federation of National Associations of Water and Waste Water Services (EUREAU), based in Brussels, concurs, saying it has “significant concerns” about what it calls a lack of data on the environmental impact of the substances, as well as the potentially huge costs of eliminating them from waste water.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Unpublished position statements from the United Kingdom and the Netherlands echo the industries’ arguments. “Due to uncertainties in the assessment of benefit and costs, and until further monitoring data have been gathered to inform the policy making, it would not be appropriate to propose measures at EU level,” the Netherlands’ statement says.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>A report prepared by environment committee member Richard Seeber, a Christian Democrat MEP from Austria, could also sway the vote. Seeber’s report suggests delaying any standards for pharmaceuticals in water until 2027. He agrees with the water industry that the issue should be tackled by restricting the authorization and use of the chemicals, rather than by treating waste water.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Seeber is also the founder and president of the European Parliament’s Intergroup on Water, which brings together MEPs, industry and non-governmental organizations to discuss water issues. That group receives “personnel support” and “material contributions” from EUREAU, according to financial statements that <i>Nature</i> obtained through a freedom of information request. Seeber says that EUREAU’s involvement was limited to providing organizational and administrative support: “At no point did a member of EUREAU work in our office or at the Parliament, nor did they advise us on content-related matters.”</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>The UK government, meanwhile, estimates that treated water from around 1,360 of the country’s wastewater treatment plants would fail the proposed environmental standards for EE2. Upgrading these plants to meet the standard would cost between £26 billion (US$41 billion) and £30 billion, it says.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Yet the United Kingdom is applying an overly stringent standard of 0.016 ng l</span><sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>−1</span></sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'> to estimate the cost of the EU rules, the European Commission told <i>Nature</i>. The UK government’s Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs has not responded to repeated requests from <i>Nature </i>to explain its calculations. Applying the proposed 0.035 ng l</span><sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>−1</span></sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'> standard would almost halve those costs, the commission says. Such sums are not without precedent: according to the UK water regulator, Ofwat, water companies in England and Wales have already committed to spend £22 billion between 2010 and 2015 on improving water infrastructure — including £4.1 billion for improving water quality in the environment.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Britain’s estimate also assumes that all plants would need to be fitted with the most advanced — and most expensive — treatment technology, which uses granular activated carbon to absorb pharmaceuticals from the water. But such measures will not be necessary at every plant, says Andrew Johnson, an environmental chemist at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in Oxfordshire, UK. He suggests that low-cost improvements to existing wastewater treatments, such as sand filters, may be sufficient in some cases.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>The investment would bring additional benefits, because improved water treatment could remove many other pollutants of concern, says Michael Depledge of the Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry in Plymouth, UK, a former chief scientist for the UK Environment Agency who studies the environment and human health. Levels of many pharmaceuticals are rising in rivers across Europe, he says, posing a “significant risk” to the environment and health — through the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, for example.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Environmental scientists say that the case for action will only get stronger. Fish populations may be stable now, but a study of fathead minnows (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>) in an experimental lake in Canada has shown that exposure to high levels of EE2 triggered a population crash</span><sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://www.nature.com/news/drug-pollution-law-all-washed-up-1.11854#b5" title="Kidd, K. A. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 8897–8901 (2007)." id=ref-link-6>5</a></span></sup><span lang=EN style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>. And researchers think that the EU is missing a chance to set a global precedent. “It’s a test case for regulating pharmaceuticals in the water,” says Jobling. “If they don’t regulate on EE2, they won’t regulate anything.”</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Journal name: </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><i><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Nature </span></i><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Volume: </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><b><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>491, </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Pages: </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>503–504 </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Date published: </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>(22 November 2012) </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>DOI: </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>doi:10.1038/491503a </span><o:p></o:p></p><h1 style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";letter-spacing:-.4pt'><a href="javascript:;">References</a></span><o:p></o:p></h1><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo4;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]><span class=fn><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Jobling, S.</span></span><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'> <i>et al</i>. <span class=source-title1>Environ. Health Perspect.</span> <span class=volume1>114</span>, <span class=start-page>32</span>–<span class=end-page>39</span> (<span class=year>2006</span>).</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8050">Article</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?holding=npg&cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16818244&dopt=Abstract">PubMed</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://links.isiglobalnet2.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?amp;GWVerhttp://links.isiglobalnet2.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?amp;GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Nature&SrcApp=Nature&DestLinkType=FullRecord&KeyUT=000245475500006&DestApp=WOS_CPL">ISI</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="javascript:;">Show context</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]><span class=fn><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Gross-Sorokin, M. Y.</span></span><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>, <span class=fn>Roast, S. D.</span> & <span class=fn>Brighty, G. C.</span> <span class=source-title1>Environ. Health Perspect.</span> <span class=volume1>114</span>, <span class=start-page>147</span>–<span class=end-page>151</span> (<span class=year>2006</span>).</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo6;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8068">Article</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo6;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?holding=npg&cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=16818261&dopt=Abstract">PubMed</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo6;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://links.isiglobalnet2.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?amp;GWVerhttp://links.isiglobalnet2.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?amp;GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Nature&SrcApp=Nature&DestLinkType=FullRecord&KeyUT=000245475500023&DestApp=WOS_CPL">ISI</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="javascript:;">Show context</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]><span class=fn><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Cuklev, F.</span></span><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'> <i>et al</i>. <span class=source-title1>Environ. Toxicol. Chem.</span> <span class=volume1>30</span>, <span class=start-page>2126</span>–<span class=end-page>2134</span> (<span class=year>2011</span>).</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.599">Article</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?holding=npg&cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=21688307&dopt=Abstract">PubMed</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://links.isiglobalnet2.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?amp;GWVerhttp://links.isiglobalnet2.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?amp;GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Nature&SrcApp=Nature&DestLinkType=FullRecord&KeyUT=000294337300022&DestApp=WOS_CPL">ISI</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo7;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://chemport.cas.org/cgi-bin/sdcgi?APP=ftslink&action=reflink&origin=npg&version=1.0&coi=1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtVOlur%2FI&pissn=0028-0836&md5=6ef54574944b49d4afbe6fb1f4426186">ChemPort</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="javascript:;">Show context</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo7;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]><span class=fn><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Oaks, J. L.</span></span><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'> <i>et al</i>. <span class=source-title1>Nature</span> <span class=volume1>427</span>, <span class=start-page>630</span>–<span class=end-page>633</span> (<span class=year>2004</span>).</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo8;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02317">Article</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo8;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?holding=npg&cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14745453&dopt=Abstract">PubMed</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo8;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://links.isiglobalnet2.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?amp;GWVerhttp://links.isiglobalnet2.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?amp;GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Nature&SrcApp=Nature&DestLinkType=FullRecord&KeyUT=000188875300040&DestApp=WOS_CPL">ISI</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo8;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://chemport.cas.org/cgi-bin/sdcgi?APP=ftslink&action=reflink&origin=npg&version=1.0&coi=1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFCnu7o%3D&pissn=0028-0836&md5=dff061e59be0e88929f7e19ba3ca9847">ChemPort</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="javascript:;">Show context</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo8;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span><![endif]><span class=fn><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Kidd, K. A.</span></span><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'> <i>et al</i>. <span class=source-title1>Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA</span> <span class=volume1>104</span>, <span class=start-page>8897</span>–<span class=end-page>8901</span> (<span class=year>2007</span>).</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo9;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609568104">Article</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo9;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?holding=npg&cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=17517636&dopt=Abstract">PubMed</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:19.8pt;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo9;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="http://chemport.cas.org/cgi-bin/sdcgi?APP=ftslink&action=reflink&origin=npg&version=1.0&coi=1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmt1WgtLY%3D&pissn=0028-0836&md5=87edc5d5a5d763745c28cc0578201a8d">ChemPort</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="javascript:;">Show context</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><h1 style='margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:19.8pt;background:white'><span lang=EN style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";letter-spacing:-.4pt'><a href="javascript:;">Related stories and links</a></span><o:p></o:p></h1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#000099'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#000099'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>Deborah L. DeBiasi</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'><br></span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>Email: <a href="mailto:Deborah.DeBiasi@deq.virginia.gov">Deborah.DeBiasi@deq.virginia.gov</a></span></b><b><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:red'><br></span></i></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>WEB site address: <a href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/">www.deq.virginia.gov</a></span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'><br></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>Virginia Department of Environmental Quality</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'><br></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>Office of Water Permit and Compliance Assistance Programs</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'><br></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>Industrial Pretreatment/Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Program</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'><br></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>PPCPs, EDCs, and Microconstituents</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'> <a href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx">http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>Mail: P.O. Box 1105, Richmond, VA 23218</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'><br></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>Location: 629 E. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23219</span><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'><br></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>PH: 804-698-4028 FAX: 804-698-4032</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></body></html>