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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Thanks Deb,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I may be more beneficial to have a list of PPCPs that DON’T have a toxic effect on mother nature’s aquatic life. I’m sure it would be a short one.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Just not sure the CWA (its implementers) will catch up with all these toxics until we have pretty sterile lakes, streams, rivers and oceans. The earth’s culture will not change in time for our grandchillin’s grandchillin.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Grampa Eli didn’t see this coming with his grandchildren just wanting to keep their stakeholders’ pocket books fat. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>And how many gyres have been identified as floating islands (the size of TX?) of plastic in the world’s various oceans?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>This environmental catastrophe will beat global warming (if you believe that theory) by a hundreds of years.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Maybe a version the H7N9 virus will get us all first…<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Allen Gilliam<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>ADEQ State Pretreatment Coordinator<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>50.682.0625<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> pharmwaste-bounces@lists.dep.state.fl.us [mailto:pharmwaste-bounces@lists.dep.state.fl.us] <b>On Behalf Of </b>DeBiasi, Deborah (DEQ)<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, April 15, 2013 11:05 AM<br><b>To:</b> 'pharmwaste@lists.dep.state.fl.us'<br><b>Subject:</b> [Pharmwaste] Streams Stressed by Pharmaceutical Pollution<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><b><a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130401090709.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/04/130401090709.htm</a></b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:18.0pt'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><b>Streams Stressed by Pharmaceutical Pollution</b><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>April 1, 2013<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Science Daily<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Streams Stressed by Pharmaceutical Pollution<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Apr. 1, 2013 - Pharmaceuticals commonly found in the environment are disrupting <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>streams, with unknown impacts on aquatic life and water quality. So reports a new <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Ecological Applications paper, which highlights the ecological cost of <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>pharmaceutical waste and the need for more research into environmental impacts.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Lead author Dr. Emma Rosi-Marshall, a scientist at the Cary Institute of <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Ecosystem Studies, comments: "Pharmaceutical pollution is now detected in waters <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>throughout the world. Causes include aging infrastructure, sewage overflows, and <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>agricultural runoff. Even when waste water makes it to sewage treatment <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>facilities, they aren't equipped to remove pharmaceuticals. As a result, our <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>streams and rivers are exposed to a cocktail of synthetic compounds, from <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>stimulants and antibiotics to analgesics and antihistamines."<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>With colleagues from Indiana University and Loyola University Chicago, <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Rosi-Marshall looked at how six common pharmaceuticals influenced similar-sized <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>streams in New York, Maryland, and Indiana. Caffeine, the antibiotic <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>ciprofloxacin, the antidiabetic metformin, two antihistimines used to treat <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>heartburn (cimetidine and ranitidine), and one antihistamine used to treat <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>allergies (diphenhydramine) were investigated, both alone and in combinations, <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>using pharmaceutical-diffusing substrates.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Rosi-Marshall explains, "We focused on the response of biofilms -- which most <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>people know as the slippery coating on stream rocks -- because they're vital to <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>stream health. They might not look like much to the naked eye, but biofilms are <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>complex communities composed of algae, fungi, and bacteria all living and working <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>together. In streams, biofilms contribute to water quality by recycling nutrients <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>and organic matter. They're also a major food source for invertebrates that, in <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>turn, feed larger animals like fish."<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Healthy streams are slippery streams. And it turns out that antihistamines dry <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>more than our noses. The most striking result of the study was diphenhydramine's <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>effects on algal production and microbial respiration. Exposure caused biofilms <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>to experience up to a 99% decrease in photosynthesis, as well as significant <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>drops in respiration. Diphenhydramine also caused a change in the bacterial <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>species present in the biofilms, including an increase in a bacterial group known <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>to degrade toxic compounds and a reduction in a group that digests compounds <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>produced by plants and algae.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Results suggest that this antihistamine is disrupting the ecology of these <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>sensitive biofilm communities. Rosi-Marshall notes, "We know that diphenhydramine <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>is commonly found in the environment. And its effect on biofilms could have <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>repercussions for animals in stream food webs, like insects and fish. We need <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>additional studies looking at the concentrations that cause ecosystem disruption, <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>and how they react with other stressors, such as excess nutrients."<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>The other pharmaceuticals investigated also had a measurable effect on biofilm <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>respiration, both alone and in combinations. More work is needed to understand <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>how drug mixtures, which most natural streams experience, impact freshwater <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>systems.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Society's dependence on pharmaceuticals is not likely to wane. Nor is its need <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>for clean, fresh water. This study adds another piece of evidence to the case <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>calling for innovations in the way we manage waste water. Currently, only a <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>fraction of the world's waste water is treated, and the infrastructure in many <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>developed nations is aging.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>(Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies (2013, April 1). Streams stressed by <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>pharmaceutical pollution. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 1, 2013, from<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'><a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#AFAAA7'>http://www.sciencedaily.com­</span></a></span>; /releases/2013/04/130401090709.htm)<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Copyright 2013, Science Daily<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#000099'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:navy'>Deborah L. DeBiasi<br><b>Email: <a href="mailto:Deborah.DeBiasi@deq.virginia.gov">Deborah.DeBiasi@deq.virginia.gov</a><br></b>WEB site address: <a href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/">www.deq.virginia.gov</a><br>Virginia Department of Environmental Quality<br>Office of Water Permit and Compliance Assistance Programs<br>Industrial Pretreatment/Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Program<br>PPCPs, EDCs, and Microconstituents</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx"><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:navy'>Mail: P.O. Box 1105, Richmond, VA 23218<br>Location: 629 E. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23219<br>PH: 804-698-4028 FAX: 804-698-4032</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:red'>Next DEA Drug Take Back event is April 27th, 2013 10- 2</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:red'>See <a href="www.dea.gov">www.dea.gov</a> for locations</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></body></html>