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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="#000099" face="Times New Roman"><o:p> </o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="#000099" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><a href="http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2013/contaminated-tribe">http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2013/contaminated-tribe</a></span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><font size="6" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:24.0pt;color:windowtext;font-weight:bold">Contaminated tribe: Hormone-blocking chemicals found in First
Nation families <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">Mothers and children of a First Nations tribe living in one of Canada’s most
industrialized regions are highly exposed to estrogen-blocking chemicals, according to a new study. The research is the first to confirm the Aamjiwnaang community’s fears of elevated exposure to pollutants, and it may help shed some light on why the tribe
has an unusually low percentage of baby boys. “While we’re far from a conclusive statement, the kinds of health problems they experience – neurodevelopment, skewed sex ratios – are the health effects we would expect from such chemicals and metals," said scientist
Niladri Basu. The tribe received international attention in 2005 when scientists reported that its baby boys accounted for only 35 percent of births compared with 51.2 percent nationwide. The reservation is within 15 miles of “Chemical Valley,” a region along
the U.S.-Canada border near Lake Huron with more than 50 industrial facilities, including oil refineries and chemical manufacturers. Many of the elevated compounds have been shown to block estrogen, an important sex hormone for fetal development.
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/jon_lin/2732845610/"><font size="1" color="#999999"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#999999">Jonathan
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#555555" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#555555">More than 50 industrial facilities line Sarnia's "Chemical Valley," including oil refineries and chemical manufacturers.</span></font><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">By Brian Bienkowski<br>
Staff Writer<br>
Environmental Health News<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">November 11, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">Mothers and children of a First Nations tribe living in one of Canada’s most
industrialized regions are highly exposed to estrogen-blocking chemicals, according to a
<a href="http://sitemaker.umich.edu/aamjiwnaang/files/report-aamjiwnaang_biomonitoring_2013-v4-final.pdf">
<font color="blue"><span style="color:blue">new study</span></font></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">The research is the first to confirm the Aamjiwnaang community’s fears of elevated
exposure to pollutants, and it may help shed some light on why the tribe has an unusually low percentage of baby boys.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext"><img border="0" width="255" height="350" id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image002.jpg@01CEDFAF.E229E3B0" alt="http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/images/2013/ehn/nov/tribe/dancer.jpg"></span></font><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/jmsmith000/4460191156/"><font size="1" color="#999999"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#999999">Jeffrey
Smith/flickr</span></font></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#555555" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#555555">A young Aamjiwnaang boy demonstrates his tribe's traditional ways.</span></font><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">The findings do not prove that chemicals are causing fewer baby boys in the community,
but they provide some limited evidence suggesting a possible link.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">“While we’re far from a conclusive statement, the kinds of health problems they
experience – neurodevelopment, skewed sex ratios – are the health effects we would expect from such chemicals and metals, ”said Niladri Basu, lead author of the study and associate professor at McGill University in Montreal.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">The reservation is within 15 miles of “Chemical Valley,” a region along the U.S.-Canada
border near Lake Huron with more than 50 industrial facilities, including oil refineries and chemical manufacturers.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><font size="3" color="#057234" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#057234;font-weight:bold">“I'm struck by the elevated PCB levels. And the fact that
all are anti-estrogenic.” <i><span style="font-style:italic">–Nancy Langston, Michigan Technological University</span></i> </span></font></b><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext">Forty-two pairs of Aamjiwnaang mothers and children were tested
for the study. For four types of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the average levels found in the children ranged from 2 to 7 times higher than the average Canadian child. The mothers’ average levels were about double the Canadian average for three of the
compounds.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">PCBs were widely used industrial compounds until they were banned in the 1970s
in the United States and Canada because they were building up in the environment.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">Eating fish is the most common exposure route for PCBs. But a survey revealed
the community eats very little fish, so the high levels of PCBs remain “a puzzle,” Basu said. He suspects the chemicals are still in the soil and air from decades ago.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">The Aamjiwnaang First Nation community has about 2,000 tribe members, with about
850 living on the reservation near Sarnia, Ontario, just east of Michigan’s thumb across the St. Clair River. The name Aamjiwnaang means “at the spawning stream,” a nod to the tribe’s rich historical relationship with the nearby river and its fish. Fish advisories
warning of contamination have been ubiquitous there since the 1970s.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">The tribe received
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1281269/"><font color="blue"><span style="color:blue">international attention in 2005</span></font></a> when scientists reported that baby boys accounted for only 35 percent of births there compared with
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1281326/"><font color="blue"><span style="color:blue">51.2 percent nationwide</span></font></a>. The University of Ottawa researchers concluded that the decline may “partly reflect effects of chemical exposures.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext"><img border="0" width="311" height="303" id="Picture_x0020_3" src="cid:image003.png@01CEDFAF.E229E3B0" alt="http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/images/2012/ehn/october/contaminated-culture/Screen%20Shot%20201210-24%20at%2012.05.08%20PM.png"></span></font><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">The new study reported that the types of PCBs that are elevated in the Aamjiwnaang
community are the same types linked to reduced male births in a <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001393510600082X">
<font color="blue"><span style="color:blue">small study of women in New York</span></font></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">“I'm struck by the elevated PCB levels,” said Nancy Langston, a professor of
environmental history at Michigan Technological University who was not involved in the study. “And the fact that all are anti-estrogenic.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">Some PCBs are anti-estrogenic, which means they block the hormone, while others
are estrogenic, which means they mimic it.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">Hormones are necessary for proper fetal development but it’s not understood how,
or if, hormone-disrupting chemicals in the environment may alter human sex ratios.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">The new study was small and didn’t investigate any health problems, so it’s important
to not jump to any conclusions, said Shanna Swan, a professor and vice-chair for research and mentoring at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">“Chemicals have been linked to altered sex ratios. But things like stress can
alter ratios, too,” Swan said.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><font size="3" color="#057234" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#057234;font-weight:bold">“Chemicals have been linked to altered sex ratios. But things
like stress can alter ratios, too.” –<i><span style="font-style:italic">Shanna Swan, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai</span></i> </span></font></b><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext">No one has studied the tribe’s sex ratio since the
original research, which was based on births from 1999 through 2003. Swan surveyed the community to see if there was interest in a follow-up study. The answer was no.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">“There was sensitivity to outsiders coming in and studying them. There’s no question
there’s exposure, it’s clearly a polluted place. But this is their ancestral home … what do they get out of you telling them how badly off they are?” said Swan, who specializes in reproductive effects of environmental chemicals.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">In addition to PCBs, the mothers and children had elevated levels of cadmium,
some perfluorinated chemicals and the pesticides hexachlorocyclohexane and DDT compared with the Canadian average.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">Sharilyn Johnston, environmental coordinator of the tribe’s health and environment
committee, said the findings were somewhat expected, stoking a fear that already has changed Aamjiwnaang.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/tobanblack/5201672969/"><font size="1" color="#999999"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#999999">Toban
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#555555" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#555555">Aamjiwnaang children struggle with learning disabilities and asthma.
</span></font><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">“There’s a constant odor issue, many people just do not want to be outside,”
she said. “We used to be able to go into areas to hunt and fish that are now blocked off with fence lines that say ‘No Trespassing.’ Centuries of industrial development have impacted traditions and land use.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">In addition to the skewed sex ratio, 23 percent of Aamjiwnaang children have
learning or behavioral difficulties– a rate about six times higher than children in a neighboring county, according to a 2005 community study.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">The asthma rate for children on the reservation is about 2.5 times higher than
the rest of the county, according to a <a href="http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/2007-study.pdf">
<font color="blue"><span style="color:blue">2007 study by Ecojustice</span></font></a>, a Canadian environmental organization.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">Birth complications also are commonplace. Of 132 women surveyed in the community
in 2005, 39 percent had at least one stillbirth or miscarriage. The average for U.S. women is 15 percent, according to the National Institutes of Health.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">As oil sands production ramps up in Canada, there’s fear that Aamjiwnaang’s problems
will worsen, Basu said.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><font size="3" color="#057234" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#057234;font-weight:bold">In addition to the skewed sex ratio, 23 percent of Aamjiwnaang
children have learning or behavioral difficulties – a rate about six times higher than children in a neighboring county.</span></font></b><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext">Canada-based Enbridge, an energy transport company, wants to boost
and reverse the flow of a pipeline that currently runs from east to west across Canada, in part to send oil sands petroleum to refineries in Ontario and Quebec, according to a company
<a href="http://www.enbridge.com/ECRAI/Line9BReversalProject.aspx"><font color="blue"><span style="color:blue">press release</span></font></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">Suncor Energy’s Sarnia refinery already
<a href="http://www.suncor.com/en/about/232.aspx"><font color="blue"><span style="color:blue">expanded its capacity</span></font></a> to bring in crude from Alberta oil sands in 2007 as part of a $1 billion upgrade. Oil and gas investment in the oil sands –
mostly located in northern Alberta – has increased from $4.2 billion in 2000 to about $26.9 billion in 2012, according to the Alberta Energy Department.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">Langston said the oil sands activity would “without a doubt” compound the problems
for Aamjiwnaang and other indigenous communities in both Canada and the United States.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext"><img border="0" width="350" height="199" id="Picture_x0020_5" src="cid:image005.jpg@01CEDFAF.E229E3B0" alt="http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/images/2013/ehn/nov/tribe/welcome.jpg"></span></font><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/tobanblack/5021879198/"><font size="1" color="#999999"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#999999">Toban
Black/flickr</span></font></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">Aamjiwnaang means “at the spawning stream," but the tribe has cut its fish consumption because of contaminants.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">Areas experiencing a boom in petrochemical refining are already experiencing
health problems. Men in Fort Saskatchewan – downwind of refineries and chemical manufacturers and oilsands processors – suffer from leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma at higher rates than neighboring communities, according to a
<a href="http://news.uci.edu/press-releases/uci-led-study-documents-heavy-air-pollution-in-canadian-area-with-cancer-spikes/">
<font color="blue"><span style="color:blue">new study</span></font></a>. Two known carcinogens – butadiene and benzene – were found at higher levels in rural Fort Saskatchewan than in many of the world’s most polluted cities, the authors wrote.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">Isobel Simpson, lead author of the study and a chemist at the University of California,
Irvine, said it is not clear if the oil sands boom has spread its reach to Sarnia yet. But she and the co-authors have been advocating for a more cautious approach as refining communities increase production.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">“Things are really starting to ramp up. Fort Saskatchewan and other communities
are frustrated with pollutants and have been trying for years to be heard,” Simpson said. “We are pushing for a more prudent approach, one that seeks to reduce known carcinogens and other harmful contaminants.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><font size="3" color="#057234" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#057234;font-weight:bold">"We are pushing for a more prudent approach, one that seeks
to reduce known carcinogens and other harmful contaminants." –<i><span style="font-style:italic">Isobel Simpson, UC Irvine</span></i> </span></font></b><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext">Johnston said the tribe’s focus remains on the more
immediate problems.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">“We continue to go to the regulators – they’re the ones who are allowing these
pollutants to be released,” she said. “They’re the ones who can refine and set standards that reduce pollution among our people.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">Basu wants to conduct more research – including a larger sample and examining
more health data. But it will take time, money and continued trust from a tribe that has long felt slighted by outsiders.The Ministry of the Environment directed media requests to the Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, which did not return
requests for comment.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext">“The community has been complaining about health problems and pollution for decades,”
he said. “We’d like to get to a point where we can look at a certain chemical and say ‘that’s causing these health problems.’”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="#000099" face="Times New Roman"><o:p> </o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Deborah L. DeBiasi</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><b><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy;font-weight:bold">Email: Deborah.DeBiasi@deq.virginia.gov</span></font></b><b><i><font size="2" color="red"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:red;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic"><br>
</span></font></i></b><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">WEB site address:
<a href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/">www.deq.virginia.gov</a></span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Virginia Department of Environmental Quality</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Office of Water Permits
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Industrial Pretreatment/Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Program</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">PPCPs, EDCs, and Microconstituents<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><a href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx">http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx</a></span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Mail: P.O. Box 1105, Richmond, VA 23218</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Location: 629 E. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23219</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">PH: 804-698-4028 FAX: 804-698-4032<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="#000099" face="Times New Roman"><o:p> </o:p></font></p>
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