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<font size="5" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:15.5pt;color:black">Concentrations of prioritized pharmaceuticals in ef</span></font><font size="4" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">fl</span></font><font size="5" color="black"><span style="font-size:15.5pt;color:black">uents
from 50 large wastewater treatment plants in the US and implications for risk estimation</span></font><font size="5" color="black"><span style="font-size:15.5pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Mitchell S. Kostich</span></font><sup><font color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">*</span></font></sup><font color="black"><span style="color:black">,
Angela L. Batt, James M. Lazorchak<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<b><i><font size="1" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:7.0pt;color:black;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">Ecological Exposure Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W.
Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA<o:p></o:p></span></font></i></b></p>
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<b><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black;letter-spacing:3.0pt;font-weight:bold">ABSTRACT<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
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<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:line id="_x0000_s1026" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251658240;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;mso-position-vertical-relative:page' from="197.05pt,311.5pt" to="553.75pt,311.5pt" strokeweight=".7pt">
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</v:line><![endif]--><![if !vml]><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout;position:absolute;z-index:251658240;left:0px;margin-left:262px;margin-top:414px;width:477px;height:2px"><img width="477" height="2" src="cid:image001.png@01CEF03B.36ACE400" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026"></span><![endif]><font color="black"><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-.3pt">We
measured concentrations of 56 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in ef</span></font><font color="black"><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-.3pt">fl</span></font><font color="black"><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-.3pt">uent samples from
50 large wastewater treatment plants across the US. Hydrochlorothiazide was found in every sample. Metoprolol, atenolol, and carbamazepine were found in over 90% of the samples. Valsartan had the highest concentration (5300 ng/L), and also had the highest
average concentration (1600 ng/L) across all 50 samples. Estimates of potential risks to healthy human adults were greatest for six anti-hypertensive APIs (lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, valsartan, atenolol, enalaprilat, and metoprolol), but nevertheless
suggest risks of exposure to individual APIs as well as their mixtures are generally very low. Estimates of potential risks to aquatic life were also low for most APIs, but suggest more detailed study of potential ecological impacts from four analytes (sertraline,
propranolol, desmethylsertraline, and valsartan).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black;letter-spacing:-.4pt">Published by Elsevier Ltd.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="#000099" face="Times New Roman"><o:p> </o:p></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Deborah L. DeBiasi</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><b><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy;font-weight:bold">Email: Deborah.DeBiasi@deq.virginia.gov</span></font></b><b><i><font size="2" color="red"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:red;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic"><br>
</span></font></i></b><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">WEB site address:
<a href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/">www.deq.virginia.gov</a></span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Virginia Department of Environmental Quality</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Office of Water Permits
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Industrial Pretreatment/Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Program</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">PPCPs, EDCs, and Microconstituents<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><a href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx">http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx</a></span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Mail: P.O. Box 1105, Richmond, VA 23218</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Location: 629 E. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23219</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">PH: 804-698-4028 FAX: 804-698-4032<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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