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<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000">
<DIV>Hi Diane,</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>From everything I’ve read it would take a multitude of treatment regimens
to address the plethora of pharmaceuticals (and other contaminants) in our
wastewater systems. And, if we got breakdown, what would those breakdown
products look like? Would they be biologically active? What kind of
pollutants would they be? </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>I hate to sound like a broken record, but a better strategy is to reduce
and eliminate these things at the source. First, we stop using our surface
waters as dumps. Industry has to re-use their own water, they can’t dump
into rivers, lakes, oceans. WWTP, also re-use water. Households get
educated on health improvements that don’t use drugs and MD support alternative
treatments and less toxic/persistent pharmaceuticals when necessary.
Individual households treat their sewage to remove rx. While this is a
large undertaking, it seems ultimately a better outcome than trying to treat
everything being dumped into the water. </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000">Very truly
yours,<BR><BR>Catherine Zimmer, MS, BSMT<BR>Principal<BR>Zimmer Environmental
Improvement LLC<BR>Ph: 651.645.7509</DIV>
<DIV
style='FONT-SIZE: small; TEXT-DECORATION: none; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri"; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; DISPLAY: inline'>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt tahoma">
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5">
<DIV style="font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A title=Buxbaum.Diane@epa.gov
href="mailto:Buxbaum.Diane@epa.gov">Buxbaum, Diane</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, December 03, 2013 2:44 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=Deborah.DeBiasi@deq.virginia.gov
href="mailto:Deborah.DeBiasi@deq.virginia.gov">DeBiasi, Deborah (DEQ)</A> ; <A
title=pharmwaste@lists.dep.state.fl.us
href="mailto:pharmwaste@lists.dep.state.fl.us">pharmwaste@lists.dep.state.fl.us</A>
</DIV>
<DIV><B>Cc:</B> <A title=abuxbaum@downtownwomen.com
href="mailto:abuxbaum@downtownwomen.com">abuxbaum@downtownwomen.com</A> ; <A
title=cbuxbaum@sandiaprep.org
href="mailto:cbuxbaum@sandiaprep.org">cbuxbaum@sandiaprep.org</A> ; <A
title=ATL-LEADERS@LISTS.SIERRACLUB.ORG
href="mailto:ATL-LEADERS@LISTS.SIERRACLUB.ORG">ATL-LEADERS@LISTS.SIERRACLUB.ORG</A>
</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> RE: [Pharmwaste] Concentrations of prioritized
pharmaceuticals ineffluents from 50 large wastewater treatment plants in the US
andimplications for risk estimation</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style='FONT-SIZE: small; TEXT-DECORATION: none; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri"; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; DISPLAY: inline'>
<DIV class=WordSection1>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #0f243e'>I am ccing some
nongovernmental environmental activists on this email Wow, how
depressing. Were most or all of these plants secondary plants? Were any
tertiary? Are there any ideas of nonprohibitive methods for reducing or
eliminating the discharge of these pharmaceuticals into the receiving
bodies? Would, in areas where there is the land, exposure to
sunlight and ponds allow for the breakdown of these drugs (and how dangerous
might those products be)? Probably not possible in most urban areas and
even where possible very costly. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #0f243e'><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #0f243e'>Diane
D. Buxbaum, MPH<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #0f243e'>Environmental
Scientist<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #0f243e'>U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #0f243e'>Region
2<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #0f243e'>Division
of Enforcement and Compliance Assistance<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #0f243e'>290
Broadway (21 East)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #0f243e'>New
York, NY 10007<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #0f243e'>buxbaum.diane@epa.gov<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #0f243e'>Phone
212-637-3919<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #0f243e'>Fax
212-637-4086<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri","sans-serif"; COLOR: #0f243e'><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </P>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; COLOR: windowtext'>From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; COLOR: windowtext'>
pharmwaste-bounces@lists.dep.state.fl.us
[mailto:pharmwaste-bounces@lists.dep.state.fl.us] <B>On Behalf Of </B>DeBiasi,
Deborah (DEQ)<BR><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, December 03, 2013 3:21 PM<BR><B>To:</B>
pharmwaste@lists.dep.state.fl.us<BR><B>Subject:</B> [Pharmwaste] Concentrations
of prioritized pharmaceuticals in effluents from 50 large wastewater treatment
plants in the US and implications for risk
estimation<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p></o:p> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p></o:p> </P>
<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; COLOR: #000000"
cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=0>
<TBODY>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 95.6pt; mso-height-rule: exactly">
<TD
style="HEIGHT: 95.6pt; WIDTH: 461.3pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-TOP: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; mso-height-rule: exactly"
vAlign=top width=615>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; LINE-HEIGHT: 16.7pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 12.6pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 15.5pt; COLOR: black">Concentrations of prioritized
pharmaceuticals in ef</SPAN><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR: black'>fl</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 15.5pt; COLOR: black">uents from 50 large wastewater
treatment plants in the US and implications for risk
estimation<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; MARGIN-TOP: 9.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12.8pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN
style="COLOR: black">Mitchell S. Kostich</SPAN><SUP><SPAN
style='FONT-FAMILY: "Arial","sans-serif"; COLOR: black'>*</SPAN></SUP><SPAN
style="COLOR: black">, Angela L. Batt, James M.
Lazorchak<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.95pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 8.4pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 19.8pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-top-alt: 5.45pt"><B><I><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: black">Ecological Exposure Research
Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268,
USA<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P></TD>
<TD
style="HEIGHT: 95.6pt; WIDTH: 62.15pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-TOP: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; mso-height-rule: exactly"
vAlign=top width=83></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p></o:p> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p></o:p> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 7.4pt; VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; MARGIN-LEFT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: 8.4pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-top-alt: .2pt"><B><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 3pt">ABSTRACT<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 9.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN
style="HEIGHT: 2px; WIDTH: 477px; POSITION: absolute; MARGIN-LEFT: 262px; LEFT: 0px; Z-INDEX: 251658240; MARGIN-TOP: 414px; mso-ignore: vglayout"><IMG
src="cid:DC445A463846443991255CDC80E18B8C@CatherinePC" width=477 height=2
v:shapes="_x0000_s1026"></SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: -0.3pt">We measured concentrations of 56
active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in effluent samples from 50 large
wastewater treatment plants across the US. Hydrochlorothiazide was found in
every sample. Metoprolol, atenolol, and carbamazepine were found in over 90% of
the samples. Valsartan had the highest concentration (5300 ng/L), and also had
the highest average concentration (1600 ng/L) across all 50 samples. Estimates
of potential risks to healthy human adults were greatest for six
anti-hypertensive APIs (lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, valsartan, atenolol,
enalaprilat, and metoprolol), but nevertheless suggest risks of exposure to
individual APIs as well as their mixtures are generally very low. Estimates of
potential risks to aquatic life were also low for most APIs, but suggest more
detailed study of potential ecological impacts from four analytes (sertraline,
propranolol, desmethylsertraline, and valsartan).<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="VERTICAL-ALIGN: baseline; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; LINE-HEIGHT: 9.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: -0.3pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: -0.4pt">Published
by Elsevier Ltd.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p></o:p> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p></o:p> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p></o:p> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p></o:p> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy">Deborah L.
DeBiasi</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: navy"><BR></SPAN><B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy">Email: <A
href="mailto:Deborah.DeBiasi@deq.virginia.gov">Deborah.DeBiasi@deq.virginia.gov</A></SPAN></B><B><I><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: red"><BR></SPAN></I></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy">WEB site address: <A
href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/">www.deq.virginia.gov</A></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: navy"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy">Virginia Department of Environmental
Quality</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: navy"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy">Office of Water Permits </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: navy"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy">Industrial Pretreatment/Whole Effluent
Toxicity (WET) Program</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: navy"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy">PPCPs, EDCs, and
Microconstituents<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: navy"><A
href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx">http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx</A></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy">Mail:
P.O. Box 1105, Richmond, VA 23218</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: navy"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy">Location: 629 E. Main Street,
Richmond, VA 23219</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: navy"><BR></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy">PH:
804-698-4028 FAX:
804-698-4032<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p></o:p> </P></DIV>
<P>
<HR>
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