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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="#000099" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/as-more-male-bass-switch-sex-a-strange-fish-story-expands/2014/08/03/89799b08-11ad-11e4-8936-26932bcfd6ed_story.html">http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/as-more-male-bass-switch-sex-a-strange-fish-story-expands/2014/08/03/89799b08-11ad-11e4-8936-26932bcfd6ed_story.html</a></span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="#000099" face="Times New Roman"><o:p> </o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><font size="1" color="#333333" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#333333"><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science"><font color="#2e6d9d"><span style="color:#2E6D9D;text-decoration:none">Health
& Science</span></font></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:8.05pt;line-height:37.2pt"><b><font size="7" color="#333333" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size:32.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#333333;font-weight:bold">As more male bass switch sex, a strange
fish story expands<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color:#333333;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:12.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<font size="1" color="#333333" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><font size="1" color="#333333" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#333333"><img border="0" width="524" height="323" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.jpg@01CFAFF2.6719E350" alt="http://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_1484w/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2014/07/22/Health-Environment-Science/Images/Merlin_18435651.jpg?uuid=slxKEBHqEeSJNiaTK8_W7Q"></span></font><font size="1" color="#333333" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#333333"><br>
</span></font><font size="1" color="#6e6e6e" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#6E6E6E">Previous studies showed a high level of chemicals from animal farms and human waste at smallmouth bass nesting
areas in the Potomac River. (Ricky Carioti/The Washington Post)</span></font><font size="1" color="#333333" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#333333">
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><font size="1" color="#333333" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#333333">By
<a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/darryl-fears"><font color="#2e6d9d"><span style="color:#2E6D9D;text-decoration:none">Darryl Fears</span></font></a></span></font><font size="1" color="#333333" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#333333">
</span></font><font size="1" color="#b2b2b2" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#B2B2B2">August 3 at 10:10 PM</span></font><font size="1" color="#333333" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#333333">
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">At first she was surprised. Then she was disturbed. Now she’s a little
alarmed. Each time a different batch of male fish with eggs in their testes shows up in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, Vicki Blazer’s eyebrows arch a bit higher.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">In
<a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-014-3868-5/fulltext.html" title="link.springer.com">
<font color="#2e6d9d"><span style="color:#2E6D9D;text-decoration:none">the latest study</span></font></a>, smallmouth bass and white sucker fish captured at 16 sites in the Delaware, Ohio and Susquehanna rivers in Pennsylvania had crossed over into a category
called intersex, an organism with two genders.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">“I did not expect to find it quite as widespread,” said Blazer, a U.S.
Geological Survey biologist who studies fish. Since 2003, USGS scientists have discovered male smallmouth and largemouth bass with immature eggs in several areas of the Potomac River, including near the Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant in the
District.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">The previous studies detected abnormal levels of compounds from chemicals
such as herbicides and veterinary pharmaceuticals from farms, and from sewage system overflows near smallmouth-bass nesting areas in the Potomac.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">Those endocrine-disrupting chemicals throw off functions that regulate
hormones and the reproductive system. In the newest findings, at one polluted site in the Susquehanna near Hershey, Pa., 100 percent of male smallmouth bass that were sampled had eggs, Blazer said.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><font size="1" color="#333333" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#333333"><img border="0" width="619" height="446" id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image002.jpg@01CFAFF2.6719E350" alt="http://img.washingtonpost.com/rw/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2014/07/22/Health-Environment-Science/Images/Merlin_18435647.jpg?uuid=uOvHnhHkEeSJNiaTK8_W7Q"></span></font><font size="1" color="#333333" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#333333"><br>
</span></font><font size="1" color="#6e6e6e" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#6E6E6E">A magnification of a cross-section view of a smallmouth bass' testes that shows immature eggs, which are round
circles on the monitor. (Ricky Carioti/The Washington Post)</span></font><font size="1" color="#333333" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#333333">
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">With the mutant bass, she said, “we keep seeing .</span></font><font size="2" color="#333333"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#333333"> </span></font><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">.</span></font><font size="2" color="#333333"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#333333"> </span></font><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">.
a correlation with the percent of agriculture in the watershed where we conduct a study.”</span></font><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">The fish that were dissected and analyzed by researchers swam downstream
from farms and animal feed operations, where rains wash manure filled with various chemicals and hormones into streams and rivers.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">It was a familiar finding. After the first intersex bass were found
in the Potomac, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service made a remarkable discovery in
<a href="http://www.fws.gov/chesapeakebay/pdf/endocrine.pdf" title="www.fws.gov">
<font color="#2e6d9d"><span style="color:#2E6D9D;text-decoration:none">follow-up research</span></font></a> at Blue Plains: “We found female germ cells in the testes of 82 percent to 100 percent of the male smallmouth bass and in 23 percent of the males from
.</span></font><font size="2" color="#333333"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#333333"> </span></font><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">.</span></font><font size="2" color="#333333"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#333333"> </span></font><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">.
largemouth</span></font><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333"> bass,” the agency said.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">It is a problem that extends
<a href="http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=2305#.U8_jCPldWSo" title="www.usgs.gov">
<font color="#2e6d9d"><span style="color:#2E6D9D;text-decoration:none">well beyond</span></font></a> the Chesapeake Bay region, which includes the District, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, West Virginia and Pennsylvania. Intersex bass were found by the USGS in
the Columbia, Colorado and Mississippi river basins in 2009. Scientists have yet to identify a single chemical responsible for causing male fish to become part female.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">In urban areas, estrogen products are often flushed down drains, contaminating
water. In rural areas, natural animal hormones, much of it estrogen, is excreted in manure, which is spread on fields and washed into water by rain.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">“I think it’s a complex mixture of chemicals,” said Blazer, who authored
the study with nine researchers.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">The findings published in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment coincided
with <a href="http://environmentalintegrity.org/archives/6911" title="environmentalintegrity.org">
<font color="#2e6d9d"><span style="color:#2E6D9D;text-decoration:none">a new report</span></font></a> from the Environmental Integrity Project that says there is far more nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the Chesapeake Bay than states and the Environmental
Protection Agency have led residents to believe.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">The report, “Murky Waters: More Accountability Needed for Agricultural
Pollution in the Chesapeake Bay,” says monitoring of fertilizers and other chemicals used at farms, particularly large animal feed operations on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, is too lax under the bay cleanup plan that is being enforced by the EPA.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">“Farmers should more carefully manage these manure and chemical fertilizers,
and reduce them in areas where excessive amounts are being applied,” the report said. “Bay states will need better monitoring data in small sub-watersheds dominated by agriculture to accurately track pollution from farms.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">But the director of the EPA’s Chesapeake Bay Program said the report’s
findings fall short because the report is based on information collected from the bay in 2009 and disregards a major event: the most aggressive bay pollution cleanup plan in history. The EPA’s so-called pollution diet
<a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/29/AR2010112905316.html" title="www.washingtonpost.com">
<font color="#2e6d9d"><span style="color:#2E6D9D;text-decoration:none">started in December 2010</span></font></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">The sites in the Susquehanna and Delaware rivers were studied in 2007,
and the Ohio River was visited in summer the following year, Blazer said. The samples waited in a long line of items submitted for research until it was completed this year.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">“It’s the way science works,” Blazer said. “It takes a long time for
the chemical analysis. Labs that analyze chemicals are backed up.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">Chemical pollution in bay tributaries creates problems for smallmouth
bass other than intersex fish. Catch rates of adult smallmouth bass in a stretch of the Susquehanna in Pennsylvania fell 80 percent between 2001 and 2005, according to a study by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Smallmouth bass in the region were
<a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/bays-smallmouth-bass-under-siege-report-says/2013/04/25/61a76d08-ad18-11e2-b6fd-ba6f5f26d70e_story.html" title="www.washingtonpost.com">
<font color="#2e6d9d"><span style="color:#2E6D9D;text-decoration:none">pocked with sores and lesions</span></font></a>, likely from chemicals and parasites, a report by the Chesapeake Bay Foundation said.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">Researchers say they lack the data needed to pinpoint the chemicals
that might cause sex changes in fish because farmers are not required to immediately report the strongest chemicals they use.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">Democrats in the Maryland House and Senate
<a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/bays-intersex-fish-mystery-remains-unsolved/2013/03/17/7f368734-8746-11e2-9d71-f0feafdd1394_story.html" title="www.washingtonpost.com">
<font color="#2e6d9d"><span style="color:#2E6D9D;text-decoration:none">sponsored a pair of bills</span></font></a> in a legislative session last year that would have for the first time required growers to record their use of insecticides and herbicides and
submit it to the state.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">The pesticide-reporting rule stood to create a trove of data that scientists
could draw from for studies on human and animal health, supporters said. Researchers said it would help focus research on chemical “hot spots,” the exact moment high concentrations of pesticides hit waters where vulnerable young fish are growing, Blazer said
at the time of the legislation in March 2013.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">But the requirement was amended after growers said the rule would be
a major financial burden, and the state Department of Agriculture said it would cost $1.5 million for new employees to collect and input data. State lawmakers instead passed legislation to create a fund that would one day pay for mandatory pesticide reporting.
Gov. Martin O’Malley (D) signed that legislation in May.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">The fish is “an indicator that something else is really wrong,” Blazer
said in support of stronger pesticide reporting. “What are these things doing to the natural environment? If we find these things in wild organisms, there’s a good chance they’re also affecting people.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">Related:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333"><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/bays-smallmouth-bass-under-siege-report-says/2013/04/25/61a76d08-ad18-11e2-b6fd-ba6f5f26d70e_story.html" title="www.washingtonpost.com"><font color="#2e6d9d"><span style="color:#2E6D9D;text-decoration:none">Bay’s
smallmouth bass under siege, report says</span></font></a> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:9.0pt;line-height:16.8pt"><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Georgia"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333"><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/bays-intersex-fish-mystery-remains-unsolved/2013/03/17/7f368734-8746-11e2-9d71-f0feafdd1394_story.html" title="www.washingtonpost.com"><font color="#2e6d9d"><span style="color:#2E6D9D;text-decoration:none">Bay’s
intersex fish mystery remains unsolved</span></font></a> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><font size="1" color="#333333" face="FranklinITCProLight"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:FranklinITCProLight;color:#333333">Darryl Fears has worked at The Washington Post for more than a decade, mostly
as a reporter on the National staff. He currently covers the environment, focusing on the Chesapeake Bay and issues affecting wildlife.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="#000099" face="Times New Roman"><o:p> </o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Deborah L. DeBiasi</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><b><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy;font-weight:bold">Email: Deborah.DeBiasi@deq.virginia.gov</span></font></b><b><i><font size="2" color="red"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:red;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic"><br>
</span></font></i></b><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">WEB site address:
<a href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/">www.deq.virginia.gov</a></span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Virginia Department of Environmental Quality</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Office of Water Permits
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Industrial Pretreatment/Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Program</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">PPCPs, EDCs, and Microconstituents<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><a href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx">http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx</a></span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Mail: P.O. Box 1105, Richmond, VA 23218</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Location: 629 E. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23219</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">PH: 804-698-4028 FAX: 804-698-4032<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="#000099" face="Times New Roman"><o:p> </o:p></font></p>
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