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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font size="5" color="#880000" face="Georgia"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#880000"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font size="5" color="#880000" face="Georgia"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#880000">PCAST Releases New Report on Combating Antibiotic Resistance<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="1" color="#666666" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666">Posted by
</span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Eric Lander and Christopher Chyba</span></font><font size="1" color="#666666" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666">
on September 18, 2014 at 02:00 PM EDT <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333"><a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2014/09/18/pcast-releases-new-report-combating-antibiotic-resistance" target="_blank" title="Email"><font color="#336699" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#336699;text-decoration:none"><o:p></o:p></span></font></a></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="#333333"><span style="color:#333333"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333">Today, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST)
released a report to the President, <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/PCAST/pcast_carb_report_sept2014.pdf" target="_blank">
<i><font color="#336699"><span style="color:#336699;font-style:italic;text-decoration:none">Combating Antibiotic Resistance</span></font></i></a>. The report was released simultaneously with a
<a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/carb_national_strategy.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#336699"><span style="color:#336699;text-decoration:none">National Strategy on Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria</span></font></a> as well as with a
<a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/18/executive-order-combating-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria">
<font color="#336699"><span style="color:#336699;text-decoration:none">Presidential Executive Order</span></font></a>, emphasizing to the Nation the importance of addressing this growing challenge.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333">The evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is occurring at an alarming
rate and is outpacing the development of new countermeasures. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the annual domestic impact of antibiotic-resistant infections to the U.S. economy has been estimated at $20 billion in excess direct
health care costs, with additional costs to society for lost productivity as high as $35 billion per year and 8 million additional days in hospitals. The safety of many modern medical procedures – including cancer chemotherapy, complex surgery, dialysis for
renal disease, and organ transplantation – relies on effective antibiotics. These interventions become significantly more dangerous as bacterial resistance rises. Indeed, the World Health Organization recently warned that we risk entering a “post-antibiotic”
era unless we act now.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333">Bacteria and other microbes evolve in response to their environment and inevitably
develop mechanisms to resist antibiotics. In his 1945 Nobel Prize address, Alexander Fleming (recipient of the Nobel Prize for his discovery of penicillin) warned that the inappropriate use of antibiotics would cause human infections to become resistant to
these drugs. As bacteria evolve resistance to widely used antibiotics, it is crucial to stay one step ahead of the problem. PCAST recommends measures to strengthen antibiotic stewardship, boost surveillance, and facilitate the development of new drugs, diagnostics,
and vaccines to combat this growing crisis.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333">Responsible stewardship of antibiotics requires identifying the microbe responsible
for disease (ideally with rapid and inexpensive diagnostics); administering the most effective antibiotic at the appropriate dose, route, and time; and discontinuing antibiotic therapy when it is no longer needed. Optimizing the use of our current antibiotics
in human healthcare and animal agriculture will extend the longevity of these life-saving medicines and maximize their benefits.
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333">Increased surveillance for antibiotic-resistant bacteria will enable more effective
responses to resistant strains, support earlier identification of outbreaks, and limit the spread of resistant organisms. Improved surveillance will help address fundamental questions of where resistant infections originate, practices that contribute to emergence,
and how resistant microbes are being transmitted.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333">Even with improved stewardship and surveillance, it is critical to develop new
antibiotics, diagnostics, vaccines, and other interventions at a rate that outpaces the emergence of resistant microbes. A robust antibiotic pipeline is essential for creating new antibiotics to replace those being steadily lost to antibiotic resistance. Establishing
this pipeline and successfully addressing the rise in antibiotic resistant bacteria will require coordination across governmental, academic, health-related, agricultural, and private sectors.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333">In the fight against microbes, no permanent victory is possible: as new treatments
are developed, organisms will evolve new ways to become resistant. This reality underscores how essential it is to embark on a course of action that will ensure an effective and enduring arsenal of antibiotics. Committing to combating antibiotic-resistant
microbes will support patient care, economic growth, agriculture, and economic and national security. By taking the recommended steps, the United States and global community will continue to reap the benefits of these essential medicines.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<![if !supportLists]><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Symbol"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#333333"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<font size="1" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><i><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;font-style:italic">Read the full report
<a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/PCAST/pcast_carb_report_sept2014.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#336699"><span style="color:#336699;text-decoration:none">here</span></font></a>.
<a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/PCAST/pcast_carb_report_sept2014.pdf">
http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/PCAST/pcast_carb_report_sept2014.pdf</a></span></font></i><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<![if !supportLists]><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Symbol"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#333333"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<font size="1" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><i><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;font-style:italic">Read the President's Executive Order
<a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/18/executive-order-combating-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria" target="_blank">
<font color="#336699"><span style="color:#336699;text-decoration:none">here</span></font></a>.</span></font></i><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<![if !supportLists]><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Symbol"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#333333"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<font size="1" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><i><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;font-style:italic">Read a White House Fact blog post
<a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2014/09/18/new-executive-actions-combat-antibiotic-resistance-and-protect-public-health" target="_blank">
<font color="#336699"><span style="color:#336699;text-decoration:none">here</span></font></a>.</span></font></i><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<![if !supportLists]><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Symbol"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#333333"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<font size="1" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><i><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;font-style:italic">Read the Administration's National Strategy
<a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/carb_national_strategy.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#336699"><span style="color:#336699;text-decoration:none">here</span></font></a>.
<a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/carb_national_strategy.pdf">
http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/carb_national_strategy.pdf</a></span></font></i><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<![if !supportLists]><font size="2" color="#333333" face="Symbol"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#333333"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<font size="1" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></font></span></span></font><![endif]><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><i><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;font-style:italic">Eric Lander and Christopher Chyba</span></font></i><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333">
</span></font><i><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;font-style:italic">are members of PCAST and co-chairs of the PCAST Antibiotic Resistance Working Group.</span></font></i><font size="1" color="#333333" face="Arial"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="#000099" face="Times New Roman"><o:p> </o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="#000099" face="Times New Roman"><o:p> </o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Deborah L. DeBiasi</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><b><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy;font-weight:bold">Email: Deborah.DeBiasi@deq.virginia.gov</span></font></b><b><i><font size="2" color="red"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:red;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic"><br>
</span></font></i></b><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">WEB site address:
<a href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/">www.deq.virginia.gov</a></span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Virginia Department of Environmental Quality</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Office of Water Permits
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Industrial Pretreatment/Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Program</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">PPCPs, EDCs, and Microconstituents<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><a href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx">http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/PermittingCompliance/PollutionDischargeElimination/Microconstituents.aspx</a></span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Mail: P.O. Box 1105, Richmond, VA 23218</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">Location: 629 E. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23219</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:navy"><br>
</span></font><font size="2" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:navy">PH: 804-698-4028 FAX: 804-698-4032<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="#000099" face="Times New Roman"><o:p> </o:p></font></p>
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