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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Sorry for any cross-posting or if I missed this being posted to Pharmwaste while I was out of town.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Laurie<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Sherry MacDonald [mailto:smacdonald@practicegreenhealth.org]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, May 02, 2016 4:21 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> pghexchange@practicegreenhealth.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [PGHexchange] Pipe Dream: Tapping into the Health Information in Our Sewers<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/124-A86/">http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/124-A86/</a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white"><span class="dropcap"><span style="font-size:37.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:black">M</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">ost of us
have an attitude of “flush it and forget it,” but to scientists like Rolf Halden, our waste is a bonanza of valuable information on population-level chemical exposures. Halden is an environmental scientist at Arizona State University’s Biodesign Institute,
where he maintains the National Sewage Sludge Repository—a collection of hundreds of samples of raw sewage and sludge collected from more than 200 sites around the United States.<a href="http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/124-A86/#r1"><sup><span style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#561B8C">1</span></sup></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">The sample bottles are filled with a brownish-black slurry derived from raw sewage, “so it has everything that is flushed down the toilet,” says Arjunkrishna Venkatesan, a postdoctoral
research associate on Halden’s team. “If you collect samples from sewerage manholes, sampling equipment is going to get clogged, and you’re going to have hair, condoms, and all sorts of stuff.” The laboratory staff filter out most of those solids, then freeze
the samples for storage.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:10.5pt;line-height:16.8pt;background:white;text-align:start;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">As disgusting as the samples may be, the repository is helping to open up a field known broadly as sewage chemical-information mining (SCIM). This field is using the sewage destined
for wastewater treatment plants as a medium for chemical exposures within a community, exposures that are impractical to measure by other means. Other studies are looking at sewage sludge (the solids that remain after wastewater treatment) for information
on chemicals that can accumulate in the human body. Still another approach, known as BioSCIM, measures biomarkers in sewage as a way to assess the overall health status of communities.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.8pt;background:white;text-align:start;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">SCIM initially took off in 2001 when scientists hypothesized they could measure the metabolites of illicit drugs like cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine in untreated wastewater
collected from city sewers.<a href="http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/124-A86/#r2"><sup><span style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#561B8C">2</span></sup></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>This particular application of SCIM was originally known as “sewage epidemiology.”
The success of this technique has been tested in Europe<a href="http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/124-A86/#r3"><sup><span style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#561B8C">3</span></sup></a></span><sup><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">,</span></sup><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/124-A86/#r4"><sup><span style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#561B8C">4</span></sup></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and
most recently provided per capita estimates of drug usage in cities including Antwerp, Stockholm, and London.<a href="http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/124-A86/#r5"><sup><span style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#561B8C">5</span></sup></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.8pt;background:white;text-align:start;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif;color:black">Now sewage epidemiology is being applied to substances beyond illicit drugs. Since 2010 Halden has published nearly 50 papers on the subject. One study calculated per capita chemical
consumption and, based on levels found in sewage sludge, estimated exposure to more than 70 pharmaceuticals and other chemicals used in consumer products.<a href="http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/124-A86/#r6"><sup><span style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#561B8C">6</span></sup></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>“This
work lets us put a finger on the chemical pulse of a nation,” Halden says.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">For the complete article, visit the link above.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Beth<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#336600">Beth Eckl</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#336600">Director, Environmental Purchasing Program</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#006600"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.practicegreenhealth.org/">www.practicegreenhealth.org</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:beckl@practicegreenhealth.org">beckl@practicegreenhealth.org</a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">(866) 598-2240<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#4F6228"><img border="0" width="240" height="76" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.jpg@01D1A48A.5C161C10" alt="cid:image001.jpg@01CC2055.65DC57F0"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://cleanmed.org/"><span style="color:#1F497D;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="300" height="133" id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image002.png@01D1A48A.5C161C10" alt="CleanMed2016"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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