[Pharmwaste] Selected Pharmaceuticals Not Likely to Persist in Wild Fish: Results of Uptake and Elimination Testing

Fri Sep 28 13:11:42 EDT 2018

https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-09/documents/fish-news-aug2018.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery

Selected Pharmaceuticals Not Likely to Persist in Wild Fish: Results of
Uptake and Elimination Testing

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reported on May 30, 2018 that a
laboratory study shows that both uptake and elimination of selected
pharmaceuticals within bluegill tissues is rapid, indicating that
persistence in bluegills in the environment is likely to be low except in
those fish that reside downstream from a consistent, substantial,
contaminant source.

Pharmaceutical use by humans, subsequent transport to wastewater treatment
systems, and release to surface waters have been extensively studied and
well documented globally. Chronic and subtle effects of pharmaceutical
exposure through water have been reported for non-target fish including
those effects related to reproduction, behavior, and growth. Although the
effects of contaminants are related to the quantity of a contaminant that
reaches an internal organ or tissue, little is known about the details of
uptake and elimination of pharmaceuticals by exposed fish.

To this end, USGS, Chinese Academy of Science, and St. Cloud State
University scientists investigated the uptake and elimination of five
pharmaceuticals in bluegill sunfish to aid in understanding the exposure
risks, if any, to aquatic organisms or to humans through fish consumption.

A laboratory flow-through system was used to expose fish to pharmaceutical
concentrations that mimicked those found in close proximity to continuously
discharging wastewater outflows. Five commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals
with different physio-chemical properties were used for the exposures:

 Diclofenac (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

 Methocarbamol (a muscle relaxant)

 Rosuvastatin (a drug used to lower cholesterol levels)

 Sulfamethoxazole (an antibiotic)

 Temazepam (a sleep aid)

Temazepam and methocarbamol were consistently detected in bluegill samples,
so their uptake and elimination was studied in more detail. Over 30-day
exposures, temazepam and methocarbamol demonstrated relatively rapid uptake
and rapid elimination, indicating that internal tissue concentrations were
driven by external environmental concentrations. This information indicates
that overall persistence of the selected pharmaceuticals within bluegill
tissues in the environment is likely to be low unless they reside
downstream from a consistent, substantial, external contaminant source.

The pattern of rapid uptake and elimination observed for bluegill in this
study is not dissimilar to that which is observed for human subjects,
indicating that the modeling of pharmaceutical uptake done as part of the
drug approval process could be used to inform future study design and
prioritize research needs for the Nation.

While this study provides a greater understanding of pharmaceutical
persistence in fish tissue, the significance in terms of fish health has
yet to be determined. This study was the first step in a longer-term
challenge for the USGS Environmental Health programs as they continue to
provide the science to understand the sources, transport, fate, exposure,
and adverse health effects, if any of contaminants in the environment.

The USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program funded this study.

Reference

Zhao, J.-L., E.T. Furlong, H.L. Schoenfuss, D.W. Kolpin, K.L. Bird, D.J.
Feifarek, E.A. Schwab, G.G. Ying. 2017. Uptake and disposition of select
pharmaceuticals by bluegill exposed at constant concentrations in a
flow-through aquatic exposure system. *Environmental Science and Technology
*51(8):4434-4444.

For more information, contact Edward T. Furlong at 303-236-3941 or
efurlong at usgs.gov, or Dana W. Kolpin at 319-358-3614 or dwkolpin at usgs.gov.

Source:
https://www2.usgs.gov/envirohealth/headlines/2018-05-30-pharmaceuticals_in_wild_fish.html

Journal Articles

The list below provides a selection of research articles focusing on
pharmaceuticals.

► Pharmaceuticals in water, fish and osprey nestlings in Delaware River and
Bay

Bean, T.G., B.A. Rattner, R.S. Lazarus, et al. 2018. Pharmaceuticals in
water, fish and osprey nestlings in Delaware River and Bay. *Environmental
Pollution *232:533-545.

Development of an opioid self-administration assay to study drug seeking in
zebrafish

Bosse, G.D. and R.T. Peterson. 2017. Development of an opioid
self-administration assay to study drug seeking in zebrafish. *Behavioural
Brain Research *335:158-166.

► Effect of human pharmaceuticals common to aquatic environments on hepatic
CYP1A and CYP3A-like activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): An
in vitro study

Burkina, V., S. Sakalli, N. Pilipenko, V. Zlabek, and G. Zamaratskaia.
2018. Effect of human pharmaceuticals common to aquatic environments on
hepatic CYP1A and CYP3A like activities in rainbow trout (*Oncorhynchus
mykiss*): An *in vitro *study. *Chemosphere *205:380-386.

► Occurrence of antibiotics in mussels and clams from various FAO areas

Chiesa, L.M., M. Nobile, R. Malandra, S. Panseri, and F. Arioli. 2018.
Occurrence of antibiotics in mussels and clams from various FAO areas. *Food
Chemistry *240:16-23.

► Concentrating mixtures of neuroactive pharmaceuticals and altered
neurotransmitter levels in the brain of fish exposed to a wastewater
effluent

David, A., A. Lange, C.R. Tyler, and E.M. Hill. 2018. Concentrating
mixtures of neuroactive pharmaceuticals and altered neurotransmitter levels
in the brain of fish exposed to a wastewater effluent. *Science of The
Total Environment *621:782-790.

► Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater
aquatic environment

Ebele, A.J., M. A-E. Abdallah, and S. Harrad. 2017. Pharmaceuticals and
personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment. *Emerging
Contaminants *3(1):1-16.

► Bioaccumulation of psychoactive pharmaceuticals in fish in an effluent
dominated stream

Grabicova, K., R. Grabic, G. Fedorova, et al. 2017. Bioaccumulation of
psychoactive pharmaceuticals in fish in an effluent dominated stream. *Water
Research *124:654-662.

► How cyclophosphamide at environmentally relevant concentration influences
Daphnia magna life history and its proteome

Grzesiuk, M., D. Mielecki, T. Pilżys, D. Garbicz, M. Marcinkowski, and E.
Grzesiuk. 2018. How cyclophosphamide at environmentally relevant
concentration influences *Daphnia magna *life history and its proteome. *PLoS
ONE *13(4): e0195366.

► Social hierarchy modulates responses of fish exposed to contaminants of
emerging concern

Ivanova, J., S. Zhang, R-L. Wang, and H.L. Schoenfuss. 2017. Social
hierarchy modulates responses of fish exposed to contaminants of emerging
concern. *PLoS ONE *12(10): e0186807.

► Measurement of aquaculture chemotherapeutants in flocculent matter
collected at a hard-bottom dominated finfish site on the south coast of
Newfoundland (Canada) after 2 years of fallow

Hamoutene, D., F. Salvo, S.N. Egli, A. Modir-Rousta, et al. 2018.
Measurement of aquaculture chemotherapeutants in flocculent matter
collected at a hard-bottom dominated finfish site on the south coast of
Newfoundland (Canada) after 2 years of fallow. *Frontiers in Marine Science
*5:228.

► Presence of pharmaceuticals in fish collected from urban rivers in the
U.S. EPA 2008-2009 National Rivers and Streams Assessment

Huerta, B., S. Rodriguez-Mozaz, J. Lazorchak, D. Barcelo, A. Batt, J.
Wathen, and L. Stahl. 2018. Presence of pharmaceuticals in fish collected
from urban rivers in the U.S. EPA 2008-2009 National Rivers and Streams
Assessment. *Science of The Total Environment *634:542-549.

► Transport of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites between water and
sediments as a further potential exposure for aquatic organisms

Koba, O., K. Grabicova, D. Cerveny, et al. 2018. Transport of
pharmaceuticals and their metabolites between water and sediments as a
further potential exposure for aquatic organisms. *Journal of Hazardous
Materials *342:401-407.

► Antibiotic pollution in marine food webs in Laizhou Bay, North China:
Trophodynamics and human exposure implication

Liu, S., H. Zhao, H.J. Lehmler, X. Cai, and J. Chen. 2017. Antibiotic
Pollution in Marine Food Webs in Laizhou Bay, North China: Trophodynamics
and Human Exposure Implication. *Environmental Science & Technology*,
51(4):2392-2400.

► Usage, residue, and human health risk of antibiotics in Chinese
aquaculture: A review

Liu, X., J.C. Steele, and X.Z. Meng. 2017. Usage, residue, and human health
risk of antibiotics in Chinese aquaculture: A review. *Environmental
Pollution *223:161-169.

Environmental concentrations of metformin exposure affect aggressive
behavior in the Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens

MacLaren, R.D., K. Wisniewski, and C. MacLaren. 2018. Environmental
concentrations of metformin exposure affect aggressive behavior in the
Siamese fighting fish, *Betta splendens*. *PLoS ONE *13(5): e0197259.

► Exposure to wastewater effluent affects fish behavior and tissue-specific
uptake of pharmaceuticals

McCallum, E.S., E. Krutzelmann, T. Brodin, J. Fick, A. Sundelin, and S.
Balshine. 2017. Exposure to wastewater effluent affects fish behavior and
tissue-specific uptake of pharmaceuticals. *Science of The Total
Environment *605-606:578-588.

► A review of the pharmaceutical exposome in aquatic fauna

Miller, T.H., N.R. Bury, S.F. Owen, J.I. MacRae, and L.P. Barron. 2018. A
review of the pharmaceutical exposome in aquatic fauna. *Environmental
Pollution *239:129-146.

► Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care product chemicals in
fish exposed to wastewater effluent in an urban wetland

Muir, D., D. Simmons, X. Wang, T. Peart, M. Villella, J. Miller, and J.
Sherry. 2017. Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care product
chemicals in fish exposed to wastewater effluent in an urban wetland.
*Scientific
Reports *7: 16999.

► Tools to assess effects of human pharmaceuticals in fish: A case study
with gemfibrozil

Oliveira, M., L. Franco, J.C. Balasch, et al. 2017. Tools to assess effects
of human pharmaceuticals in fish: A case study with gemfibrozil. *Ecological
Indicators*, In Press.

► Novel electrosorption-enhanced solid-phase microextraction device for
ultrafast in vivo sampling of ionized pharmaceuticals in fish

Qiu, J., F. Wang, T. Zhang, et al. 2018. Novel electrosorption-enhanced
solid-phase microextraction device for ultrafast in vivo sampling of
ionized pharmaceuticals in fish. *Environmental Science & Technology
*52(1):145-151.

► Multi-residue method for the determination of antibiotics and some of
their metabolites in seafood

Serra-Compte, A.,D. Álvarez-Muñoz, S. Rodríguez-Mozaz, and D. Barceló.
2016. Multi-residue method for the determination of antibiotics and some of
their metabolites in seafood. *Food and Chemical Toxicology *104:3-13.

► Reduced anxiety is associated with the accumulation of six serotonin
reuptake inhibitors in wastewater treatment effluent exposed goldfish
Carassius auratus

Simmons, D.B.D., E.S. McCallum, S. Balshine, et al. 2017. Reduced anxiety
is associated with the accumulation of six serotonin reuptake inhibitors in
wastewater treatment effluent exposed goldfish *Carassius auratus*. *Scientific
Reports *7:17001.

► Uptake and metabolism of human pharmaceuticals by fish: A case study with
the opioid analgesic Tramadol

Tanoue, R., L. Margiotta-Casaluci, B. Huerta, et al. 2017. Uptake and
metabolism of human pharmaceuticals by fish: A case study with the opioid
analgesic Tramadol. *Environmental Science & Technology *51(21):12825-12835.

► Evaluation of triclosan in Minnesota lakes and rivers: Part II – human
health risk assessment

Yost, L.J., T.R. Barber, P.R. Gentry, M.J. Bock, J.L. Lyndall, M.C.
Capdevielle, and B.P. Slezak. 2017. Evaluation of triclosan in Minnesota
lakes and rivers: Part II – human health risk assessment. *Ecotoxicology
and Environmental Safety *142: 588-596.

► Environmental concentrations of antibiotics impair zebrafish gut health

Zhou, L., S.M. Limbu, M. Shen, et al. 2018. Environmental concentrations of
antibiotics impair zebrafish gut health. *Environmental Pollution *235:245-254.
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